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Israel Gelfand
Israel Moiseevich Gelfand, also written Israïl Moyseyovich Gel'fand, or Izrail M. Gelfand ((イディッシュ語:ישראל געלפֿאַנד), (ロシア語:Изра́иль Моисе́евич Гельфа́нд); – 5 October 2009) was a Soviet mathematician who is widely considered to be one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century. He made very major contributions to many branches of mathematics, including group theory, representation theory and functional analysis. The recipient of awards, including the Order of Lenin and the Wolf Prize, he was a Fellow of the Royal Society and an academic, serving as a professor at Moscow State University and, after immigrating to the United States shortly before his 76th birthday, at the Busch Campus of New Jersey's Rutgers University.
He taught students through his seminar at Moscow State University. His legacy continues in the mathematicians who were his students, such as Endre Szemerédi, Alexandre Kirillov, Edward Frenkel, Joseph Bernstein, Dmitry Fuchs as well as his own son, Sergei Gelfand.
==Early years==
A native of Kherson Governorate of the Russian Empire, Gelfand was born into a Jewish family in the small southern Ukrainian town of Okny (subsequently, Krasni Okny). According to his own account, Gelfand was expelled from high school because his father had been a mill owner. Bypassing both high school and college, he proceeded to postgraduate study at Moscow State University, where his advisor was the preeminent mathematician Andrei Kolmogorov. He nevertheless managed to attend lectures at the University and began postgraduate study at the age of 19.
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